名煒小編為您解析不同食品在氣調包裝中的保鮮措施。

走進市場，我們(men)總能看(kan)到各種(zhong)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)氣(qi)調包裝，不久外包裝精(jing)美，而且保鮮(xian)的(de)(de)效果(guo)各不相同(tong)。那(nei)么不同(tong)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)氣(qi)調包裝在(zai)生產(chan)過程(cheng)中，是如何做(zuo)到保鮮(xian)效果(guo)的(de)(de)，又需要怎樣(yang)的(de)(de)保鮮(xian)措(cuo)施的(de)(de)呢(ni)？下(xia)面讓浙江名煒(wei)小(xiao)編帶你(ni)了解在(zai)氣(qi)調包裝中不同(tong)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)保鮮(xian)方法。

首先(xian)不(bu)同(tong)食品的(de)保鮮(xian)措施 這些不(bu)同(tong)條(tiao)件主要包括不(bu)同(tong)的(de)保鮮(xian)氣(qi)體種類(lei)、不(bu)同(tong)的(de)保鮮(xian)氣(qi)體混合比例，不(bu)同(tong)阻隔性(xing)能的(de)保鮮(xian)膜。

1. 熟(shu)(shu)食制(zhi)品的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)參數：畜(chu)禽水產(chan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)鹵菜(cai)(cai)（鹽水鴨(ya)、醬鴨(ya)、烤雞(ji)、熟(shu)(shu)牛(niu)肉、水產(chan)制(zhi)品等(deng)(deng)(deng)）、炒菜(cai)(cai)、燉菜(cai)(cai)、快餐(can)等(deng)(deng)(deng)熟(shu)(shu)食制(zhi)品的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)，既要求能夠達到(dao)防腐、抑制(zhi)細菌(jun)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，又要能夠保(bao)(bao)持食品的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)汁原(yuan)味。保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)般(ban)由氮氣(qi)、二氧化碳等(deng)(deng)(deng)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)組成。這(zhe)些食品在采用氣(qi)調包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)之后，保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)在食物表面(mian)形成一(yi)層保(bao)(bao)護膜(mo)，從而達到(dao)抑制(zhi)細菌(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)微生(sheng)物生(sheng)長繁殖(zhi)、保(bao)(bao)持食品營養成分和原(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)口感的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。在環境(jing)溫度(du)為20攝氏(shi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)下，以復合氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)熟(shu)(shu)食制(zhi)品的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)期為10-20天；在冷藏溫度(du)下（0-5攝氏(shi)度(du)），保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)期為60-90天。這(zhe)類食品需(xu)要采用高阻隔膜(mo)來(lai)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。

2.生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)食(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)參數：新鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)、牛(niu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，要求達到防腐和(he)保(bao)(bao)持鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色澤(ze)紅(hong)潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)畜(chu)禽(qin)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌紅(hong)蛋(dan)白氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)為氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)合(he)肌紅(hong)蛋(dan)白，令肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色呈(cheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅(hong)狀(zhuang)。采(cai)用(yong)缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，如真(zhen)空包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、充氮包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，會使(shi)(shi)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)合(he)肌紅(hong)蛋(dan)白還原為肌紅(hong)蛋(dan)白，肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色呈(cheng)淡紫色澤(ze)，會被消費者誤(wu)認為不新鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)而影響銷售。對(dui)新鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)、牛(niu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)采(cai)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)調保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)由(you)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)、氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)等氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)組成。高濃度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)，可以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)保(bao)(bao)持鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤(ze)，二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)來抑菌防腐。在0-4攝(she)氏度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中，這類(lei)(lei)食(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)期可以(yi)(yi)達7-30天。生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)食(shi)品如果(guo)采(cai)用(yong)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)、氮氣(qi)(qi)、氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)等為保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)期可以(yi)(yi)達30天以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。生(sheng)(sheng)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)禽(qin)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)類(lei)(lei)食(shi)品宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)高阻隔膜(mo)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。

3.新(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)產海鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)類(lei)(lei)食品(pin)的(de)(de)保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)參數：新(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)水(shui)產品(pin)，是水(shui)分含量很高(gao)的(de)(de)易(yi)腐(fu)食品(pin)，在低溫貯(zhu)藏時，厭氧(yang)菌是促使新(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)產品(pin)腐(fu)敗(bai)(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)因素之一。新(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)產品(pin)腐(fu)敗(bai)(bai)(bai)后，會產生對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)健康有(you)害的(de)(de)毒素。一般而言(yan)，保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)由(you)二氧(yang)化碳(tan)、氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)和氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)所(suo)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。由(you)于脂(zhi)肪氧(yang)化酸敗(bai)(bai)(bai)是腐(fu)敗(bai)(bai)(bai)變質的(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因，所(suo)以，在對(dui)多脂(zhi)肪魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)采(cai)用氣(qi)(qi)調保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)過程之中，保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)則由(you)二氧(yang)化碳(tan)和氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。采(cai)用復合(he)氣(qi)(qi)調保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)新(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)產品(pin)，在0-4攝氏度的(de)(de)環境中，根據原(yuan)料(liao)品(pin)種和新(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)度的(de)(de)不(bu)同，其保鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)期在15-30天之間不(bu)等(deng)(deng)。包裝袋(dai)宜采(cai)用對(dui)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)具有(you)高(gao)阻(zu)隔性能的(de)(de)復合(he)塑(su)料(liao)膜，以保持包半袋(dai)內的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)濃度。

4.新(xin)(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)菌菇的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)參數：果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)在(zai)采(cai)收之后，仍然在(zai)進(jin)行新(xin)(xin)陳(chen)(chen)代謝活動：吸收氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，排(pai)出二(er)(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)將包(bao)裝袋內氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含量降低、二(er)(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)含量升高，使(shi)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)維持微弱的(de)(de)(de)需氧呼(hu)吸而又不產生(sheng)厭氧呼(hu)吸，便(bian)可以延緩新(xin)(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)衰老過程(cheng)、降低新(xin)(xin)陳(chen)(chen)代謝速度(du)、延長果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)期。以復合氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調方式對新(xin)(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)進(jin)行保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，宜采(cai)用(yong)透氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性塑料薄膜作為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)交換(huan)膜，包(bao)裝袋內的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)可以和(he)(he)(he)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行交換(huan)：大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)滲入到包(bao)裝袋內，包(bao)裝袋內多余的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)到空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之中，以保(bao)持果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)微弱的(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)吸活動。對新(xin)(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)調保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包(bao)裝，保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)有二(er)(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)、氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)組成。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)比(bi)例和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)期，應根據(ju)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)品種特性和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)度(du)而定，常見的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)如(ru)(ru)草莓、蘑菇、荔枝、桃、蔬(shu)(shu)菜等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)0-6攝(she)氏度(du)的(de)(de)(de)環境中，保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)期為20-60天。包(bao)裝袋宜采(cai)用(yong)低阻(zu)隔(ge)膜。

5.焙烤食品(pin)的(de)(de)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)參數(shu)：燒烤食品(pin)的(de)(de)變(bian)質主要表現為(wei)霉(mei)變(bian)，保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)要求是防(fang) 霉(mei)和保(bao)持(chi)風味(wei)，保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)氣體(ti)由二氧(yang)化碳和氮(dan)氣等組成。蛋糕（不(bu)包(bao)括奶油蛋糕）、面包(bao)若采(cai)用氣調保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)，在(zai)常溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)期為(wei)30-60天。采(cai)用復(fu)合氣調保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)月餅，在(zai)常溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)保(bao)鮮(xian)(xian)期為(wei)90-120天。包(bao)裝袋宜采(cai)用對(dui)氣體(ti)具有高(gao)阻隔(ge)性的(de)(de)復(fu)合塑料(liao)膜(mo)，以保(bao)持(chi)包(bao)裝袋內的(de)(de)氣體(ti)濃度。

6.泡菜、腌菜制品(pin)(pin)的保鮮(xian)參數(shu)：泡菜類食品(pin)(pin)在空氣中容(rong)易發生氧化(hua)、霉變(bian)問題，宜采用二氧化(hua)碳和氮氣作(zuo)為(wei)保鮮(xian)氣體(ti)，常(chang)溫下(xia)可以保鮮(xian)20-90天。宜采用高阻隔膜為(wei)包裝袋。